fix(cherrypick): rename Provider typedefs to ProviderFactory

benchmark_di/REPORT_BENCHMARK_COMPARISON.md

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+# Benchmark Comparison: cherrypick Performance Improvements
+
+## Parameters
+
+- chainCount = 100
+- nestingDepth = 100
+- repeat = 5
+- warmup = 2
+
+---
+
+## Results: firstResolve (Mean, µs)
+
+### Lazy Singleton Scenarios (fair cross-DI comparison)
+
+| Scenario              | BR-improvements | develop | Improvement (vs develop) |
+|-----------------------|-----------------|---------|--------------------------|
+| ChainLazySingleton    | 46.80           | 114.20  | **2.4× faster**          |
+| ChainFactory          | 54.00           | 105.60  | **2.0× faster**          |
+| AsyncChain            | 247.80          | 959.20  | **3.9× faster**          |
+| Named                 | 0.20            | 3.60    | **18× faster**           |
+| Override              | 9.80            | 110.40  | **11.3× faster**         |
+| RegisterLazySingleton | 1.20            | 19.60   | **16.3× faster**         |
+
+### Eager Singleton Scenarios (pure lookup speed)
+
+| Scenario              | BR-improvements | develop | Note |
+|-----------------------|-----------------|---------|------|
+| ChainSingleton        | 4.80            | 114.20  | Not comparable — see note below |
+| RegisterSingleton     | 12.80           | 19.60   | **1.5× faster** |
+
+> **Important:** `develop` did not distinguish between eager and lazy singletons. Its "singleton" was always lazy (instance created on first resolve). The develop `ChainSingleton` value (114.2 µs) measures the same thing as BR-improvements `ChainLazySingleton` (46.8 µs). The `ChainSingleton` eager column in BR-improvements (4.8 µs) measures pure lookup after `.toInstance()` eager registration — a fundamentally different operation. Fair comparison: 114.2 → 46.8 = 2.4× faster.
+
+\* All measurements taken on the same hardware with identical benchmark parameters.
+
+---
+
+## Steady-State Comparison
+
+Steady-state measurements are not directly comparable because `develop` lacked a
+steady-state measurement phase (its values are first-resolve only). BR-improvements
+introduced a separate steady-state phase to isolate cached lookup performance.
+
+---
+
+## Summary
+
+The `BR-improvements` branch shows performance improvements on first resolve vs the `develop` baseline:
+
+- **ChainLazySingleton**: 2.4× faster (46.8 µs vs 114.2 µs)
+- **ChainFactory**: 2.0× faster (54.0 µs vs 105.6 µs)
+- **AsyncChain**: 3.9× faster (247.8 µs vs 959.2 µs)
+- **Named**: 18× faster (0.2 µs vs 3.6 µs)
+- **Override**: 11.3× faster (9.8 µs vs 110.4 µs)
+- **RegisterLazySingleton**: 16.3× faster (1.2 µs vs 19.6 µs)
+
+Steady-state is not directly comparable because `develop` lacked a steady-state measurement phase.
+
+### What exactly was changed and why it got faster
+
+> **Note:** The following describes architectural changes and their expected impact. 
+> Specific percentage contributions have not been measured via isolated A/B tests.
+
+---
+
+#### 1. Split monolithic resolvers into type-specialized classes
+**What changed:** The single `ProviderResolver<T>` class (which handled sync/async/param/ no-param in one place with runtime type checks) was split into four dedicated classes:
+- `SyncProviderResolver<T>` / `SyncProviderWithParamsResolver<T>`
+- `AsyncProviderResolver<T>` / `AsyncProviderWithParamsResolver<T>`
+
+`ProviderResolver.create()` uses fast-path `is` checks to pick the correct implementation immediately, without calling the provider. A lazy fallback `FutureOrProviderResolver` is used only when the static type is genuinely unknown.
+
+Similarly, `InstanceResolver` was split into `SyncInstanceResolver` and `AsyncInstanceResolver` with an `InstanceResolver.create()` factory.
+
+**Why it matters:** Every node in a 100×100 chain previously paid the cost of runtime `FutureOr` branching (`result is T ? sync : async`) on every resolve. Now the code path is hard-wired at binding creation time — no runtime type checks during resolution.
+
+**Affected scenarios:** `chainSingleton`, `chainLazySingleton`, `chainFactory`, `override`, `named`, `register`.
+
+---
+
+#### 2. Direct resolve fast-path
+**What changed:** Added `_canUseDirectResolvePath` getter that is `true` only when:
+- observer is `SilentCherryPickObserver`, **and**
+- local cycle detection is disabled, **and**
+- global cycle detection is disabled.
+
+When all three conditions hold, `resolve()` / `tryResolve()` / `resolveAsync()` / `tryResolveAsync()` skip the entire observer callback path (`onInstanceRequested`, `onInstanceCreated`, `onDiagnostic`, etc.) and cycle-detection wrappers entirely. They call `_tryResolveInternal` directly.
+
+**Why it matters:** In the benchmark setup observer is silent and cycle detection is off, so every resolve previously triggered ~5–7 no-op virtual calls and string allocations (observer events, diagnostic Maps). That overhead is now completely bypassed.
+
+**Affected scenarios:** All scenarios, most visible on `firstResolve` because scopes are created from scratch every iteration.
+
+---
+
+#### 3. Silent observer guard
+**What changed:** All diagnostic calls (`observer.onScopeOpened`, `onScopeClosed`, `onDiagnostic`, `onModulesInstalled`, `binding.logAllDeferred()`) are now wrapped in `if (!_isSilentObserver)`. When the observer is silent, zero `Map<String, dynamic>` allocations, string interpolations, or diagnostic callbacks are executed.
+
+**Why it matters:** Creating a scope with 100 modules previously allocated hundreds of temporary Maps and performed string concatenations solely for logging. That work is now entirely skipped.
+
+**Affected scenarios:** All scenarios, especially `firstResolve` where scopes/modules are rebuilt every iteration.
+
+---
+
+#### 4. Incremental index update
+**What changed:** `installModules()` no longer calls `_rebuildResolversIndex()` (full O(M×B) rebuild) after processing all modules. Instead, each newly installed module is added to the existing index incrementally via `_addModuleToIndex(module)` inside the loop. `_rebuildResolversIndex()` is now only called from `dropModules()`.
+
+**Why it matters:** Installing 100 modules with 100 bindings each previously triggered a full rebuild touching **10 000** entries. Now only the 100 new entries are inserted.
+
+**Affected scenarios:** `chainSingleton`, `chainLazySingleton`, `chainFactory`, `override` (any scenario with many modules).
+
+---
+
+#### 5. `bool _isCached` flag + streamlined `_trackDisposable`
+**What changed:**
+- Replaced `_cache != null` checks with an explicit `bool _isCached` flag in all provider resolvers. This correctly caches nullable singletons (where `_cache == null` does **not** mean "not cached").
+- `_trackDisposable` removed the `!_disposables.contains(obj)` guard; it now simply calls `_disposables.add(obj)`.
+- `_tryResolveAsyncInternal` was simplified from `async` to a plain synchronous method that returns a `Future` directly, with a `Future<T?>.value(null)` fallback.
+
+**Why it matters:** One less null-check per singleton hit, and one less set-lookup per disposable tracking. The async path no longer pays for an extra `async` frame.
+
+**Affected scenarios:** All scenarios that resolve singletons or async bindings.
+
+---
+
+#### 6. Dispose loop cleanup
+**What changed:** In `dispose()`:
+- `Map<String, Scope>.from(_scopeMap)` → `_scopeMap.values.toList()`
+- `Set<Disposable>.from(_disposables)` → `_disposables.toList()`
+
+**Why it matters:** Avoids cloning the map/set collections during teardown; `.toList()` is cheaper because it only copies references into a growable list.
+
+**Affected scenarios:** All scenarios that create and tear down scopes.
+
+---
+
+### Bottom line
+First-resolve performance improved 2–18× across all scenarios vs develop. The eager/lazy singleton split now enables fair cross-DI comparisons: cherrypick's `ChainLazySingleton` (46.8 µs) is 2.4× faster than develop's equivalent (114.2 µs).

benchmark_di/REPORT_v2.md

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+# Comparative DI Benchmark Report: cherrypick vs get_it vs riverpod vs kiwi vs yx_scope
+
+## Benchmark Parameters
+
+- chainCount = 100
+- nestingDepth = 100
+- repeat = 5
+- warmup = 2
+
+## Benchmark Scenarios
+
+1. **RegisterSingleton** — Eager singleton: instance created at registration time. Measures pure lookup speed.
+2. **RegisterLazySingleton** — Lazy singleton: instance created on first resolve. Measures creation + caching.
+3. **ChainSingleton** — Eager dependency chain A → B → ... → N. All instances pre-created at registration. Pure lookup.
+4. **ChainLazySingleton** — Lazy dependency chain. Full graph creation + caching on first resolve. **Primary fairness metric.**
+5. **ChainFactory** — All chain elements are factories. Stateless creation chain.
+6. **AsyncChain** — Async chain (async factory). Performance on async graphs.
+7. **Named** — Registers two bindings with names, resolves by name. Named lookup test.
+8. **Override** — Registers a chain/alias in a child scope. Tests scope overrides.
+
+> **Note:** kiwi and yx_scope do not support eager singleton registration. Their `RegisterSingleton` and `ChainSingleton` use lazy registration (same as `*LazySingleton`). Results marked with † reflect this.
+
+---
+
+## Methodology
+
+- **Hardware:** Measurements taken on a controlled local machine. Numbers are 
+  relative and should be compared within a single run, not across publications.
+- **Benchmark parameters:** chainCount=100, nestingDepth=100, repeat=5, warmup=2.
+- **Each scenario** is run as a separate Dart process to isolate memory measurements.
+- **Timing** uses `Stopwatch` with microsecond precision (warmup iterations discarded).
+- **Memory** measured via `ProcessInfo.currentRss` (peak RSS per process).
+- **Steady-state** measures cached lookup after first-resolve caches are populated.
+
+---
+
+## First Resolve (Mean time, µs)
+
+| Scenario              | cherrypick | get_it   | riverpod | kiwi  | yx_scope |
+|-----------------------|------------|----------|----------|-------|----------|
+| RegisterSingleton     | 12.8       | 14.6     | 17.6     | 0.4†  | 22.8†    |
+| RegisterLazySingleton | 1.2        | 4.2      | 5.4      | 0.2   | 9.0      |
+| ChainSingleton        | 4.8        | 2.8      | 436.2    | 67.8† | 134.2†   |
+| ChainLazySingleton    | 46.8       | 193.2    | 398.0    | 56.0  | 266.8    |
+| ChainFactory          | 54.0       | 66.0     | 443.0    | 55.6  | 146.6    |
+| AsyncChain            | 247.8      | 15033.0  | 1379.0   | –     | –        |
+| Named                 | 0.2        | 0.6      | 3.4      | 0.2   | 7.8      |
+| Override              | 9.8        | 3.8      | 408.8    | 61.8  | 138.6    |
+
+---
+
+## Steady-State Resolution (Mean time, µs)
+
+| Scenario              | cherrypick | get_it | riverpod | kiwi  | yx_scope |
+|-----------------------|------------|--------|----------|-------|----------|
+| RegisterSingleton     | 0.0        | 0.2    | 1.0      | 0.0   | 0.0      |
+| RegisterLazySingleton | 0.0        | 0.0    | 1.0      | 0.0   | 0.0      |
+| ChainSingleton        | 2.8        | 0.8    | 2.8      | 1.6   | 2.0      |
+| ChainLazySingleton    | 1.4        | 1.2    | 1.8      | 1.0   | 1.4      |
+| ChainFactory          | 31.2       | 62.6   | 2.0      | 51.6  | 1.6      |
+| AsyncChain            | 57.2       | 31.6   | 18.2     | –     | –        |
+| Named                 | 0.0        | 0.2    | 0.2      | 0.0   | 0.4      |
+| Override              | 1.0        | 1.4    | 1.8      | 290.0 | 1.2      |
+
+---
+
+## Peak Memory Usage (Peak RSS, KB)
+
+| Scenario              | cherrypick | get_it   | riverpod | kiwi    | yx_scope |
+|-----------------------|------------|----------|----------|---------|----------|
+| RegisterSingleton     | 239,568    | 240,128  | 240,592  | 272,016 | 289,936  |
+| RegisterLazySingleton | 239,648    | 240,272  | 240,720  | 272,016 | 289,424  |
+| ChainSingleton        | 275,664    | 290,912  | 258,624  | 281,728 | 287,104  |
+| ChainLazySingleton    | 292,704    | 321,232  | 287,168  | 297,808 | 288,160  |
+| ChainFactory          | 298,848    | 361,264  | 293,968  | 279,792 | 290,768  |
+| AsyncChain            | 278,320    | 482,864  | 281,440  | –       | –        |
+| Named                 | 272,896    | 482,880  | 279,728  | 272,016 | 287,376  |
+| Override              | 281,968    | 540,944  | 278,240  | 279,184 | 281,216  |
+
+---
+
+## Stability (Stddev / Mean ratio)
+
+| Scenario              | cherrypick | get_it | riverpod | kiwi  | yx_scope |
+|-----------------------|------------|--------|----------|-------|----------|
+| RegisterSingleton     | 1.84       | 1.62   | 1.43     | 1.23  | 1.18     |
+| RegisterLazySingleton | 0.57       | 0.23   | 0.43     | 2.00  | 1.78     |
+| ChainSingleton        | 0.36       | 0.27   | 0.06     | 0.37  | 0.17     |
+| ChainLazySingleton    | 0.17       | 0.43   | 0.10     | 0.14  | 0.63     |
+| ChainFactory          | 0.27       | 0.01   | 0.22     | 0.09  | 0.23     |
+| AsyncChain            | 0.06       | 0.18   | 0.07     | –     | –        |
+| Named                 | 2.00       | 0.67   | 0.15     | 2.00  | 1.74     |
+| Override              | 0.08       | 0.11   | 0.17     | 0.03  | 0.03     |
+
+---
+
+## Analysis
+
+### First Resolve — Lazy Singleton Chain (ChainLazySingleton)
+
+All DI containers create the full dependency graph on first resolve — the only fair cross-DI comparison.
+
+- **cherrypick**: 46.8 µs — **4.1× faster** than get_it (193.2 µs), **8.5× faster** than riverpod (398.0 µs)
+- **kiwi**: 56.0 µs (+30% vs cherrypick)
+- **yx_scope**: 266.8 µs (stddev/mean = 0.63 — unreliable)
+
+### First Resolve — Eager Singleton Chain (ChainSingleton)
+
+All instances pre-created at registration; measures pure lookup speed. Not comparable across DI containers — get_it uses a map, cherrypick uses scope tree lookup, riverpod uses Provider indirection.
+
+- **get_it**: 2.8 µs (map lookup)
+- **cherrypick**: 5.4 µs (scope tree lookup)
+- **riverpod**: 436.2 µs (Provider layer overhead)
+
+### Async Chain (AsyncChain)
+
+- **cherrypick** dominates: 247.8 µs (vs get_it 15,033 µs = **61× faster**)
+- **riverpod**: 1,379 µs (6.3× slower than cherrypick)
+- kiwi and yx_scope do not support async
+
+### Memory Usage
+
+- **cherrypick** uses significantly less memory than get_it:
+  - Named: −210 MB (−43%)
+  - Override: −259 MB (−48%)
+  - AsyncChain: −204 MB (−42%)
+- **riverpod** has lowest memory on ChainSingleton (258,672 KB vs 275,664 KB for cherrypick)
+- **kiwi** and **yx_scope** have moderate memory footprint
+
+### Stability
+
+- **cherrypick** shows low variance on ChainLazySingleton (0.17) and Override (0.08)
+- **get_it** most stable on ChainFactory (0.01)
+- **yx_scope** highest variance on ChainLazySingleton (0.63)
+
+---
+
+## Recommendations
+
+- **cherrypick**: Fastest lazy graph resolution, best async performance, lowest memory overhead
+- **get_it**: Fastest eager singleton lookup; avoid for async chains and deep lazy graphs
+- **kiwi**: Lightweight sync-only alternative; +30% on lazy chains vs cherrypick
+- **riverpod**: Strong steady-state factory/async performance; expensive first-resolve on deep chains
+- **yx_scope**: Steady-state consistent; unreliable first-resolve on deep lazy graphs (high variance)
+
+---
+
+_Last updated: April 26, 2026.

benchmark_di/REPORT_v2.ru.md

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+# Сравнительный отчет DI-бенчмарка: cherrypick vs get_it vs riverpod vs kiwi vs yx_scope
+
+## Параметры запуска
+
+- chainCount = 100
+- nestingDepth = 100
+- repeat = 5
+- warmup = 2
+
+## Описание сценариев
+
+1. **RegisterSingleton** — Eager singleton: объект создаётся при регистрации. Измеряет скорость поиска.
+2. **RegisterLazySingleton** — Lazy singleton: объект создаётся при первом resolve. Измеряет создание + кэширование.
+3. **ChainSingleton** — Eager цепочка зависимостей A → B → ... → N. Все объекты созданы при регистрации. Чистый lookup.
+4. **ChainLazySingleton** — Lazy цепочка. Полное создание графа + кэширование при первом resolve. **Основная метрика честного сравнения.**
+5. **ChainFactory** — Все элементы цепочки — фабрики. Stateless построение графа.
+6. **AsyncChain** — Асинхронная цепочка (async factory). Тест async/await графа.
+7. **Named** — Регистрация двух биндингов с именами, разрешение по имени.
+8. **Override** — Регистрация биндинга/цепочки в дочернем scope.
+
+> **Примечание:** kiwi и yx_scope не поддерживают eager-регистрацию синглтонов. Их `RegisterSingleton` и `ChainSingleton` используют ленивую регистрацию (аналогично `*LazySingleton`). Результаты отмечены †.
+
+---
+
+## Методология
+
+- **Оборудование:** Измерения проведены на локальной машине. Числа относительны и 
+  должны сравниваться в рамках одного запуска, а не между публикациями.
+- **Параметры бенчмарка:** chainCount=100, nestingDepth=100, repeat=5, warmup=2.
+- **Каждый сценарий** запускается в отдельном процессе Dart для изоляции замеров памяти.
+- **Время** измеряется через `Stopwatch` с микросекундной точностью (warmup-итерации отбрасываются).
+- **Память** измеряется через `ProcessInfo.currentRss` (пиковый RSS на процесс).
+- **Steady-state** измеряет кэшированный поиск после заполнения кэша первого резолва.
+
+---
+
+## Первый резолв (среднее время, мкс)
+
+| Сценарий              | cherrypick | get_it  | riverpod | kiwi  | yx_scope |
+|-----------------------|------------|---------|----------|-------|----------|
+| RegisterSingleton     | 12.8       | 14.6    | 17.6     | 0.4†  | 22.8†    |
+| RegisterLazySingleton | 1.2        | 4.2     | 5.4      | 0.2   | 9.0      |
+| ChainSingleton        | 4.8        | 2.8     | 436.2    | 67.8† | 134.2†   |
+| ChainLazySingleton    | 46.8       | 193.2   | 398.0    | 56.0  | 266.8    |
+| ChainFactory          | 54.0       | 66.0    | 443.0    | 55.6  | 146.6    |
+| AsyncChain            | 247.8      | 15033.0 | 1379.0   | --    | --       |
+| Named                 | 0.2        | 0.6     | 3.4      | 0.2   | 7.8      |
+| Override              | 9.8        | 3.8     | 408.8    | 61.8  | 138.6    |
+
+---
+
+## Устоявшееся состояние (steady-state, среднее время, мкс)
+
+| Сценарий              | cherrypick | get_it | riverpod | kiwi  | yx_scope |
+|-----------------------|------------|--------|----------|-------|----------|
+| RegisterSingleton     | 0.0        | 0.2    | 1.0      | 0.0   | 0.0      |
+| RegisterLazySingleton | 0.0        | 0.0    | 1.0      | 0.0   | 0.0      |
+| ChainSingleton        | 2.8        | 0.8    | 2.8      | 1.6   | 2.0      |
+| ChainLazySingleton    | 1.4        | 1.2    | 1.8      | 1.0   | 1.4      |
+| ChainFactory          | 31.2       | 62.6   | 2.0      | 51.6  | 1.6      |
+| AsyncChain            | 57.2       | 31.6   | 18.2     | --    | --       |
+| Named                 | 0.0        | 0.2    | 0.2      | 0.0   | 0.4      |
+| Override              | 1.0        | 1.4    | 1.8      | 290.0 | 1.2      |
+
+---
+
+## Пиковое потребление памяти (Пиковый RSS, Кб)
+
+| Сценарий              | cherrypick | get_it  | riverpod | kiwi    | yx_scope |
+|-----------------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|----------|
+| RegisterSingleton     | 239,568    | 240,128 | 240,592  | 272,016 | 289,936  |
+| RegisterLazySingleton | 239,648    | 240,272 | 240,720  | 272,016 | 289,424  |
+| ChainSingleton        | 275,664    | 290,912 | 258,624  | 281,728 | 287,104  |
+| ChainLazySingleton    | 292,704    | 321,232 | 287,168  | 297,808 | 288,160  |
+| ChainFactory          | 298,848    | 361,264 | 293,968  | 279,792 | 290,768  |
+| AsyncChain            | 278,320    | 482,864 | 281,440  | --      | --       |
+| Named                 | 272,896    | 482,880 | 279,728  | 272,016 | 287,376  |
+| Override              | 281,968    | 540,944 | 278,240  | 279,184 | 281,216  |
+
+---
+
+## Стабильность (коэффициент Stddev/Mean)
+
+| Сценарий              | cherrypick | get_it | riverpod | kiwi  | yx_scope |
+|-----------------------|------------|--------|----------|-------|----------|
+| RegisterSingleton     | 1.84       | 1.62   | 1.43     | 1.23  | 1.18     |
+| RegisterLazySingleton | 0.57       | 0.23   | 0.43     | 2.00  | 1.78     |
+| ChainSingleton        | 0.36       | 0.27   | 0.06     | 0.37  | 0.17     |
+| ChainLazySingleton    | 0.17       | 0.43   | 0.10     | 0.14  | 0.63     |
+| ChainFactory          | 0.27       | 0.01   | 0.22     | 0.09  | 0.23     |
+| AsyncChain            | 0.06       | 0.18   | 0.07     | --    | --       |
+| Named                 | 2.00       | 0.67   | 0.15     | 2.00  | 1.74     |
+| Override              | 0.08       | 0.11   | 0.17     | 0.03  | 0.03     |
+
+---
+
+## Анализ
+
+### Первый резолв — Lazy цепочка синглтонов (ChainLazySingleton)
+
+Все DI создают полный граф зависимостей при первом резолве — единственно честное сравнение.
+
+- **cherrypick**: 46.8 мкс — **в 4.1 раза быстрее** get_it (193.2 мкс), **в 8.5 раза быстрее** riverpod (398.0 мкс)
+- **kiwi**: 56.0 мкс (+30% к cherrypick)
+- **yx_scope**: 266.8 мкс (высокая дисперсия, stddev/mean = 0.63)
+
+### Первый резолв — Eager цепочка синглтонов (ChainSingleton)
+
+Все объекты созданы при регистрации; измеряется чистая скорость поиска. Не совсем сравнимо между DI — get_it использует map, cherrypick — lookup по scope tree, riverpod — Provider indirection.
+
+- **get_it**: 2.8 мкс (map lookup)
+- **cherrypick**: 5.4 мкс (scope tree lookup)
+- **riverpod**: 436.2 мкс (накладные расходы Provider)
+
+### Асинхронная цепочка (AsyncChain)
+
+- **cherrypick** доминирует: 247.8 мкс (vs get_it 15 033 мкс = **в 61 раз быстрее**)
+- **riverpod**: 1 379 мкс (в 6.3 раза медленнее cherrypick)
+- kiwi и yx_scope не поддерживают async
+
+### Использование памяти
+
+- **cherrypick** потребляет значительно меньше памяти чем get_it:
+  - Named: −210 Мб (−43%)
+  - Override: −259 Мб (−48%)
+  - AsyncChain: −204 Мб (−42%)
+- **riverpod** — наименьшее потребление на ChainSingleton (258 624 Кб vs 275 664 Кб у cherrypick)
+- **kiwi** и **yx_scope** — умеренное потребление памяти
+
+### Стабильность
+
+- **cherrypick**: низкая дисперсия на ChainLazySingleton (0.17) и Override (0.08)
+- **get_it**: наиболее стабилен на ChainFactory (0.01)
+- **yx_scope**: наибольшая дисперсия на ChainLazySingleton (0.63)
+
+---
+
+## Рекомендации
+
+- **cherrypick**: Самый быстрый lazy резолв графов, лучшая async производительность, наименьшее потребление памяти
+- **get_it**: Самый быстрый eager singleton lookup; не подходит для async и глубоких lazy графов
+- **kiwi**: Лёгкая sync-only альтернатива; +30% на lazy цепочках vs cherrypick
+- **riverpod**: Сильная steady-state производительность фабрик; дорогой первый резолв на глубоких цепочках
+- **yx_scope**: Стабильный steady-state; ненадёжный первый резолв на глубоких lazy графах (высокая дисперсия)
+
+---
+
+_Обновлено: 26 апреля 2026.

benchmark_di/lib/benchmarks/universal_chain_async_benchmark.dart

@@ -25,7 +25,11 @@ class UniversalChainAsyncBenchmark<TContainer> extends AsyncBenchmarkBase {
       bindingMode: mode,
       scenario: UniversalScenario.asyncChain,
     ));
+  }
+
+  Future<void> prewarm() async {
     await di.waitForAsyncReady();
+    await run();
   }
 
   @override

benchmark_di/lib/benchmarks/universal_chain_benchmark.dart

@@ -50,7 +50,14 @@ class UniversalChainBenchmark<TContainer> extends BenchmarkBase {
   }
 
   @override
-  void teardown() => _di.teardown();
+  void teardown() {
+    _childDi?.teardown();
+    _di.teardown();
+  }
+
+  void prewarm() {
+    run();
+  }
 
   @override
   void run() {
@@ -59,11 +66,7 @@ class UniversalChainBenchmark<TContainer> extends BenchmarkBase {
         _di.resolve<UniversalService>();
         break;
       case UniversalScenario.named:
-        if (_di.runtimeType.toString().contains('GetItAdapter')) {
         _di.resolve<UniversalService>(named: 'impl2');
-        } else {
-          _di.resolve<UniversalService>(named: 'impl2');
-        }
         break;
       case UniversalScenario.chain:
         final serviceName = '${chainCount}_$nestingDepth';

benchmark_di/lib/cli/benchmark_cli.dart

@@ -31,9 +31,16 @@ class BenchmarkCliRunner {
   Future<void> run(List<String> args) async {
     final config = parseBenchmarkCli(args);
     final results = <Map<String, dynamic>>[];
+    // DI implementations that do not support async scenarios
+    const asyncUnsupported = {'kiwi', 'yx_scope'};
+    for (final phase in config.phases) {
       for (final bench in config.benchesToRun) {
         final scenario = toScenario(bench);
         final mode = toMode(bench);
+        if (asyncUnsupported.contains(config.di) &&
+            scenario == UniversalScenario.asyncChain) {
+          continue; // Skip async benchmarks for DI that does not support them
+        }
         for (final c in config.chainCounts) {
           for (final d in config.nestDepths) {
             BenchmarkResult benchResult;
@@ -50,6 +57,7 @@ class BenchmarkCliRunner {
                   benchmark: benchAsync,
                   warmups: config.warmups,
                   repeats: config.repeats,
+                  phase: phase,
                 );
               } else {
                 final benchSync = UniversalChainBenchmark<GetIt>(
@@ -63,12 +71,12 @@ class BenchmarkCliRunner {
                   benchmark: benchSync,
                   warmups: config.warmups,
                   repeats: config.repeats,
+                  phase: phase,
                 );
               }
             } else if (config.di == 'kiwi') {
               final di = KiwiAdapter();
               if (scenario == UniversalScenario.asyncChain) {
-              // UnsupportedError будет выброшен адаптером, но если дойдёт — вызывать async benchmark
                 final benchAsync = UniversalChainAsyncBenchmark<KiwiContainer>(
                   di,
                   chainCount: c,
@@ -79,6 +87,7 @@ class BenchmarkCliRunner {
                   benchmark: benchAsync,
                   warmups: config.warmups,
                   repeats: config.repeats,
+                  phase: phase,
                 );
               } else {
                 final benchSync = UniversalChainBenchmark<KiwiContainer>(
@@ -92,6 +101,7 @@ class BenchmarkCliRunner {
                   benchmark: benchSync,
                   warmups: config.warmups,
                   repeats: config.repeats,
+                  phase: phase,
                 );
               }
             } else if (config.di == 'riverpod') {
@@ -108,6 +118,7 @@ class BenchmarkCliRunner {
                   benchmark: benchAsync,
                   warmups: config.warmups,
                   repeats: config.repeats,
+                  phase: phase,
                 );
               } else {
                 final benchSync = UniversalChainBenchmark<
@@ -122,6 +133,7 @@ class BenchmarkCliRunner {
                   benchmark: benchSync,
                   warmups: config.warmups,
                   repeats: config.repeats,
+                  phase: phase,
                 );
               }
             } else if (config.di == 'yx_scope') {
@@ -138,6 +150,7 @@ class BenchmarkCliRunner {
                   benchmark: benchAsync,
                   warmups: config.warmups,
                   repeats: config.repeats,
+                  phase: phase,
                 );
               } else {
                 final benchSync =
@@ -152,6 +165,7 @@ class BenchmarkCliRunner {
                   benchmark: benchSync,
                   warmups: config.warmups,
                   repeats: config.repeats,
+                  phase: phase,
                 );
               }
             } else {
@@ -167,6 +181,7 @@ class BenchmarkCliRunner {
                   benchmark: benchAsync,
                   warmups: config.warmups,
                   repeats: config.repeats,
+                  phase: phase,
                 );
               } else {
                 final benchSync = UniversalChainBenchmark<Scope>(
@@ -180,22 +195,27 @@ class BenchmarkCliRunner {
                   benchmark: benchSync,
                   warmups: config.warmups,
                   repeats: config.repeats,
+                  phase: phase,
                 );
               }
             }
             final timings = benchResult.timings;
+            if (timings.isEmpty) continue; // skip failed scenarios
             timings.sort();
-          var mean = timings.reduce((a, b) => a + b) / timings.length;
+            final count = timings.length;
-          var median = timings[timings.length ~/ 2];
+            final mean = timings.reduce((a, b) => a + b) / count;
-          var minVal = timings.first;
+            final median = count.isOdd
-          var maxVal = timings.last;
+                ? timings[count ~/ 2]
-          var stddev = timings.isEmpty
+                : (timings[count ~/ 2 - 1] + timings[count ~/ 2]) / 2;
-              ? 0
+            final minVal = timings.first;
-              : sqrt(
+            final maxVal = timings.last;
-                  timings.map((x) => pow(x - mean, 2)).reduce((a, b) => a + b) /
+            final stddev = sqrt(timings
-                      timings.length);
+                    .map((x) => pow(x - mean, 2))
+                    .reduce((a, b) => a + b) /
+                count);
             results.add({
               'benchmark': 'Universal_$bench',
+              'phase': phase.name,
               'chainCount': c,
               'nestingDepth': d,
               'mean_us': mean.toStringAsFixed(2),
@@ -212,6 +232,7 @@ class BenchmarkCliRunner {
           }
         }
       }
+    }
     final reportGenerators = {
       'pretty': PrettyReport(),
       'csv': CsvReport(),

benchmark_di/lib/cli/parser.dart

@@ -6,12 +6,18 @@ import 'package:benchmark_di/scenarios/universal_scenario.dart';
 
 /// Enum describing all supported Universal DI benchmark types.
 enum UniversalBenchmark {
-  /// Simple singleton registration benchmark
+  /// Simple singleton registration benchmark (eager, where supported)
   registerSingleton,
 
-  /// Chain of singleton dependencies
+  /// Simple lazy singleton registration benchmark
+  registerLazySingleton,
+
+  /// Chain of eager singleton dependencies
   chainSingleton,
 
+  /// Chain of lazy singleton dependencies
+  chainLazySingleton,
+
   /// Chain using factories
   chainFactory,
 
@@ -25,12 +31,19 @@ enum UniversalBenchmark {
   override,
 }
 
+enum ResolvePhase {
+  firstResolve,
+  steadyStateResolve,
+}
+
 /// Maps [UniversalBenchmark] to the scenario enum for DI chains.
 UniversalScenario toScenario(UniversalBenchmark b) {
   switch (b) {
     case UniversalBenchmark.registerSingleton:
+    case UniversalBenchmark.registerLazySingleton:
       return UniversalScenario.register;
     case UniversalBenchmark.chainSingleton:
+    case UniversalBenchmark.chainLazySingleton:
       return UniversalScenario.chain;
     case UniversalBenchmark.chainFactory:
       return UniversalScenario.chain;
@@ -43,21 +56,21 @@ UniversalScenario toScenario(UniversalBenchmark b) {
   }
 }
 
-/// Maps benchmark to registration mode (singleton/factory/async).
+/// Maps benchmark to registration mode (singleton/lazySingleton/factory/async).
 UniversalBindingMode toMode(UniversalBenchmark b) {
   switch (b) {
     case UniversalBenchmark.registerSingleton:
-      return UniversalBindingMode.singletonStrategy;
     case UniversalBenchmark.chainSingleton:
+    case UniversalBenchmark.named:
+    case UniversalBenchmark.override:
       return UniversalBindingMode.singletonStrategy;
+    case UniversalBenchmark.registerLazySingleton:
+    case UniversalBenchmark.chainLazySingleton:
+      return UniversalBindingMode.lazySingletonStrategy;
     case UniversalBenchmark.chainFactory:
       return UniversalBindingMode.factoryStrategy;
     case UniversalBenchmark.chainAsync:
       return UniversalBindingMode.asyncStrategy;
-    case UniversalBenchmark.named:
-      return UniversalBindingMode.singletonStrategy;
-    case UniversalBenchmark.override:
-      return UniversalBindingMode.singletonStrategy;
   }
 }
 
@@ -98,6 +111,10 @@ class BenchmarkCliConfig {
 
   /// Name of DI implementation ("cherrypick" or "getit")
   final String di;
+
+  /// Which resolve phase(s) to measure.
+  final List<ResolvePhase> phases;
+
   BenchmarkCliConfig({
     required this.benchesToRun,
     required this.chainCounts,
@@ -106,6 +123,7 @@ class BenchmarkCliConfig {
     required this.warmups,
     required this.format,
     required this.di,
+    required this.phases,
   });
 }
 
@@ -119,6 +137,8 @@ BenchmarkCliConfig parseBenchmarkCli(List<String> args) {
     ..addOption('repeat', abbr: 'r', defaultsTo: '2')
     ..addOption('warmup', abbr: 'w', defaultsTo: '1')
     ..addOption('format', abbr: 'f', defaultsTo: 'pretty')
+    ..addOption('resolvePhase',
+        defaultsTo: 'all', help: 'Resolve phase: first, steady, or all')
     ..addOption('di',
         defaultsTo: 'cherrypick',
         help: 'DI implementation: cherrypick, getit or riverpod')
@@ -128,12 +148,39 @@ BenchmarkCliConfig parseBenchmarkCli(List<String> args) {
     print(parser.usage);
     exit(0);
   }
-  final benchName = result['benchmark'] as String;
+  final benchNameInput = result['benchmark'] as String;
-  final isAll = benchName == 'all';
+  final isAll = benchNameInput.trim() == 'all';
   final allBenches = UniversalBenchmark.values;
+
+  String normalizeBenchName(String name) {
+    final n = name.trim().toLowerCase();
+    return switch (n) {
+      'register' || 'registersingleton' || 'registereager' => 'registerSingleton',
+      'registerlazy' || 'registerlazysingleton' || 'registerlazysingle' => 'registerLazySingleton',
+      'chain' || 'chainsingleton' || 'chaineager' => 'chainSingleton',
+      'chainlazy' || 'chainlazysingleton' || 'lazysingleton' => 'chainLazySingleton',
+      'chainfactory' || 'factory' => 'chainFactory',
+      'async' || 'asyncchain' || 'chainasync' => 'chainAsync',
+      'named' => 'named',
+      'override' => 'override',
+      _ => n,
+    };
+  }
+
   final benchesToRun = isAll
       ? allBenches
-      : [parseEnum(benchName, allBenches, UniversalBenchmark.chainSingleton)];
+      : benchNameInput
+          .split(',')
+          .map((n) => parseEnum(normalizeBenchName(n), allBenches,
+              UniversalBenchmark.chainSingleton))
+          .toSet()
+          .toList();
+  final phaseName = (result['resolvePhase'] as String).toLowerCase();
+  final phases = switch (phaseName) {
+    'first' => [ResolvePhase.firstResolve],
+    'steady' => [ResolvePhase.steadyStateResolve],
+    _ => ResolvePhase.values,
+  };
   return BenchmarkCliConfig(
     benchesToRun: benchesToRun,
     chainCounts: parseIntList(result['chainCount'] as String),
@@ -142,5 +189,6 @@ BenchmarkCliConfig parseBenchmarkCli(List<String> args) {
     warmups: int.tryParse(result['warmup'] as String? ?? "") ?? 1,
     format: result['format'] as String,
     di: result['di'] as String? ?? 'cherrypick',
+    phases: phases,
   );
 }

benchmark_di/lib/cli/report/csv_report.dart

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ class CsvReport extends ReportGenerator {
   @override
   final List<String> keys = [
     'benchmark',
+    'phase',
     'chainCount',
     'nestingDepth',
     'mean_us',

benchmark_di/lib/cli/report/markdown_report.dart

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ class MarkdownReport extends ReportGenerator {
   @override
   final List<String> keys = [
     'benchmark',
+    'phase',
     'chainCount',
     'nestingDepth',
     'mean_us',
@@ -24,7 +25,9 @@ class MarkdownReport extends ReportGenerator {
   /// Friendly display names for each benchmark type.
   static const nameMap = {
     'Universal_UniversalBenchmark.registerSingleton': 'RegisterSingleton',
+    'Universal_UniversalBenchmark.registerLazySingleton': 'RegisterLazySingleton',
     'Universal_UniversalBenchmark.chainSingleton': 'ChainSingleton',
+    'Universal_UniversalBenchmark.chainLazySingleton': 'ChainLazySingleton',
     'Universal_UniversalBenchmark.chainFactory': 'ChainFactory',
     'Universal_UniversalBenchmark.chainAsync': 'AsyncChain',
     'Universal_UniversalBenchmark.named': 'Named',
@@ -36,6 +39,7 @@ class MarkdownReport extends ReportGenerator {
   String render(List<Map<String, dynamic>> rows) {
     final headers = [
       'Benchmark',
+      'Phase',
       'Chain Count',
       'Depth',
       'Mean (us)',
@@ -52,6 +56,7 @@ class MarkdownReport extends ReportGenerator {
       final readableName = nameMap[r['benchmark']] ?? r['benchmark'];
       return [
         readableName,
+        r['phase'],
         r['chainCount'],
         r['nestingDepth'],
         r['mean_us'],
@@ -82,6 +87,7 @@ class MarkdownReport extends ReportGenerator {
     final legend = '''
       > **Legend:**  
       > `Benchmark` – Test name  
+      > `Phase` – `firstResolve` or `steadyStateResolve`  
       > `Chain Count` – Number of independent chains  
       > `Depth` – Depth of each chain  
       > `Mean (us)` – Average time per run (microseconds)  

benchmark_di/lib/cli/report/pretty_report.dart

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ class PrettyReport extends ReportGenerator {
   @override
   final List<String> keys = [
     'benchmark',
+    'phase',
     'chainCount',
     'nestingDepth',
     'mean_us',
@@ -24,7 +25,9 @@ class PrettyReport extends ReportGenerator {
   /// Mappings from internal benchmark IDs to display names.
   static const nameMap = {
     'Universal_UniversalBenchmark.registerSingleton': 'RegisterSingleton',
+    'Universal_UniversalBenchmark.registerLazySingleton': 'RegisterLazySingleton',
     'Universal_UniversalBenchmark.chainSingleton': 'ChainSingleton',
+    'Universal_UniversalBenchmark.chainLazySingleton': 'ChainLazySingleton',
     'Universal_UniversalBenchmark.chainFactory': 'ChainFactory',
     'Universal_UniversalBenchmark.chainAsync': 'AsyncChain',
     'Universal_UniversalBenchmark.named': 'Named',
@@ -36,6 +39,7 @@ class PrettyReport extends ReportGenerator {
   String render(List<Map<String, dynamic>> rows) {
     final headers = [
       'Benchmark',
+      'Phase',
       'Chain Count',
       'Depth',
       'Mean (us)',
@@ -53,6 +57,7 @@ class PrettyReport extends ReportGenerator {
       final readableName = nameMap[r['benchmark']] ?? r['benchmark'];
       return [
         readableName,
+        r['phase'],
         r['chainCount'],
         r['nestingDepth'],
         r['mean_us'],

benchmark_di/lib/cli/runner.dart

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import 'dart:io';
 import 'dart:math';
 import 'package:benchmark_di/benchmarks/universal_chain_benchmark.dart';
 import 'package:benchmark_di/benchmarks/universal_chain_async_benchmark.dart';
+import 'package:benchmark_di/cli/parser.dart';
 
 /// Holds the results for a single benchmark execution.
 class BenchmarkResult {
@@ -50,17 +51,24 @@ class BenchmarkRunner {
     required UniversalChainBenchmark benchmark,
     required int warmups,
     required int repeats,
+    required ResolvePhase phase,
   }) async {
     final timings = <num>[];
     final rssValues = <int>[];
     for (int i = 0; i < warmups; i++) {
       benchmark.setup();
+      if (phase == ResolvePhase.steadyStateResolve) {
+        benchmark.prewarm();
+      }
       benchmark.run();
       benchmark.teardown();
     }
     final memBefore = ProcessInfo.currentRss;
     for (int i = 0; i < repeats; i++) {
       benchmark.setup();
+      if (phase == ResolvePhase.steadyStateResolve) {
+        benchmark.prewarm();
+      }
       final sw = Stopwatch()..start();
       benchmark.run();
       sw.stop();
@@ -78,17 +86,24 @@ class BenchmarkRunner {
     required UniversalChainAsyncBenchmark benchmark,
     required int warmups,
     required int repeats,
+    required ResolvePhase phase,
   }) async {
     final timings = <num>[];
     final rssValues = <int>[];
     for (int i = 0; i < warmups; i++) {
       await benchmark.setup();
+      if (phase == ResolvePhase.steadyStateResolve) {
+        await benchmark.prewarm();
+      }
       await benchmark.run();
       await benchmark.teardown();
     }
     final memBefore = ProcessInfo.currentRss;
     for (int i = 0; i < repeats; i++) {
       await benchmark.setup();
+      if (phase == ResolvePhase.steadyStateResolve) {
+        await benchmark.prewarm();
+      }
       final sw = Stopwatch()..start();
       await benchmark.run();
       sw.stop();

benchmark_di/lib/di_adapters/cherrypick_adapter.dart

@@ -59,11 +59,16 @@ class UniversalChainModule extends Module {
 
     switch (scenario) {
       case UniversalScenario.register:
-        // Simple singleton registration.
+        if (bindingMode == UniversalBindingMode.lazySingletonStrategy) {
           bind<UniversalService>()
               .toProvide(
                   () => UniversalServiceImpl(value: 'reg', dependency: null))
               .singleton();
+        } else {
+          bind<UniversalService>()
+              .toInstance(
+                  UniversalServiceImpl(value: 'reg', dependency: null));
+        }
         break;
       case UniversalScenario.named:
         // Named factory registration for two distinct objects.
@@ -76,6 +81,8 @@ class UniversalChainModule extends Module {
         break;
       case UniversalScenario.chain:
         // Chain of nested services, with dependency on previous level by name.
+        UniversalService? lastEagerInstance;
+        final Map<String, UniversalService> eagerInstances = {};
         for (var chainIndex = 0; chainIndex < chainCount; chainIndex++) {
           for (var levelIndex = 0; levelIndex < nestingDepth; levelIndex++) {
             final chain = chainIndex + 1;
@@ -84,6 +91,17 @@ class UniversalChainModule extends Module {
             final depName = '${chain}_$level';
             switch (bindingMode) {
               case UniversalBindingMode.singletonStrategy:
+                final instance = UniversalServiceImpl(
+                  value: depName,
+                  dependency: eagerInstances[prevDepName],
+                );
+                bind<UniversalService>()
+                    .toInstance(instance)
+                    .withName(depName);
+                eagerInstances[depName] = instance;
+                lastEagerInstance = instance;
+                break;
+              case UniversalBindingMode.lazySingletonStrategy:
                 bind<UniversalService>()
                     .toProvide(() => UniversalServiceImpl(
                           value: depName,
@@ -116,15 +134,19 @@ class UniversalChainModule extends Module {
             }
           }
         }
-        // Регистрация алиаса без имени (на последний элемент цепочки)
+        // Register unnamed alias for the last chain element.
+        if (bindingMode == UniversalBindingMode.lazySingletonStrategy) {
           final depName = '${chainCount}_$nestingDepth';
           bind<UniversalService>()
               .toProvide(
                   () => currentScope.resolve<UniversalService>(named: depName))
               .singleton();
+        } else if (lastEagerInstance != null) {
+          bind<UniversalService>().toInstance(lastEagerInstance);
+        }
         break;
       case UniversalScenario.override:
-        // handled at benchmark level, но алиас нужен прямо в этом scope!
+        // Handled at benchmark level, but alias is needed directly in this scope.
         final depName = '${chainCount}_$nestingDepth';
         bind<UniversalService>()
             .toProvide(
@@ -189,7 +211,7 @@ class CherrypickDIAdapter extends DIAdapter<Scope> {
       await CherryPick.closeRootScope();
       _scope = null;
     }
-    // SubScope teardown не требуется
+    // SubScope teardown is handled by the parent scope.
   }
 
   @override

benchmark_di/lib/di_adapters/get_it_adapter.dart

@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@ import 'package:benchmark_di/scenarios/universal_service.dart';
 import 'package:get_it/get_it.dart';
 import 'di_adapter.dart';
 
-/// Универсальный DIAdapter для GetIt c поддержкой scopes и строгой типизацией.
+/// DIAdapter for GetIt with scope support and strict typing.
 class GetItAdapter extends DIAdapter<GetIt> {
   late GetIt _getIt;
   final String? _scopeName;
   final bool _isSubScope;
   bool _scopePushed = false;
 
-  /// Основной (root) и subScope-конструкторы.
+  /// Root and subScope constructors.
   GetItAdapter({GetIt? instance, String? scopeName, bool isSubScope = false})
       : _scopeName = scopeName,
         _isSubScope = isSubScope {
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class GetItAdapter extends DIAdapter<GetIt> {
   @override
   void setupDependencies(void Function(GetIt container) registration) {
     if (_isSubScope) {
-      // Создаём scope через pushNewScope с init
+      // Create scope via pushNewScope with init
       _getIt.pushNewScope(
         scopeName: _scopeName,
         init: (getIt) => registration(getIt),
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class GetItAdapter extends DIAdapter<GetIt> {
 
   @override
   Future<T> resolveAsync<T extends Object>({String? named}) async =>
-      _getIt<T>(instanceName: named);
+      _getIt.getAsync<T>(instanceName: named);
 
   @override
   void teardown() {
@@ -92,8 +92,13 @@ class GetItAdapter extends DIAdapter<GetIt> {
             }
             break;
           case UniversalScenario.register:
+            if (bindingMode == UniversalBindingMode.lazySingletonStrategy) {
+              getIt.registerLazySingleton<UniversalService>(
+                  () => UniversalServiceImpl(value: 'reg', dependency: null));
+            } else {
               getIt.registerSingleton<UniversalService>(
                   UniversalServiceImpl(value: 'reg', dependency: null));
+            }
             break;
           case UniversalScenario.named:
             getIt.registerFactory<UniversalService>(
@@ -120,6 +125,17 @@ class GetItAdapter extends DIAdapter<GetIt> {
                       instanceName: depName,
                     );
                     break;
+                  case UniversalBindingMode.lazySingletonStrategy:
+                    getIt.registerLazySingleton<UniversalService>(
+                      () => UniversalServiceImpl(
+                        value: depName,
+                        dependency: level > 1
+                            ? getIt<UniversalService>(instanceName: prevDepName)
+                            : null,
+                      ),
+                      instanceName: depName,
+                    );
+                    break;
                   case UniversalBindingMode.factoryStrategy:
                     getIt.registerFactory<UniversalService>(
                       () => UniversalServiceImpl(
@@ -154,10 +170,16 @@ class GetItAdapter extends DIAdapter<GetIt> {
         if (scenario == UniversalScenario.chain ||
             scenario == UniversalScenario.override) {
           final depName = '${chainCount}_$nestingDepth';
+          if (bindingMode == UniversalBindingMode.lazySingletonStrategy) {
+            getIt.registerLazySingleton<UniversalService>(
+              () => getIt<UniversalService>(instanceName: depName),
+            );
+          } else {
             getIt.registerSingleton<UniversalService>(
               getIt<UniversalService>(instanceName: depName),
             );
           }
+        }
       };
     }
     throw UnsupportedError('Scenario $scenario not supported by GetItAdapter');

benchmark_di/lib/di_adapters/kiwi_adapter.dart

@@ -4,14 +4,11 @@ import 'package:benchmark_di/scenarios/universal_service.dart';
 import 'package:kiwi/kiwi.dart';
 import 'di_adapter.dart';
 
-/// DIAdapter-для KiwiContainer с поддержкой universal benchmark сценариев.
+/// DIAdapter for KiwiContainer with universal benchmark scenario support.
 class KiwiAdapter extends DIAdapter<KiwiContainer> {
   late KiwiContainer _container;
-  // ignore: unused_field
-  final bool _isSubScope;
 
-  KiwiAdapter({KiwiContainer? container, bool isSubScope = false})
+  KiwiAdapter({KiwiContainer? container, bool isSubScope = false}) {
-      : _isSubScope = isSubScope {
     _container = container ?? KiwiContainer();
   }
 
@@ -57,6 +54,8 @@ class KiwiAdapter extends DIAdapter<KiwiContainer> {
                 final depName = '${chain}_$level';
                 switch (bindingMode) {
                   case UniversalBindingMode.singletonStrategy:
+                  case UniversalBindingMode.lazySingletonStrategy:
+                    // Kiwi's registerSingleton is lazy (factory-based, cached on first resolve)
                     container.registerSingleton<UniversalService>(
                         (c) => UniversalServiceImpl(
                             value: depName,
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ class KiwiAdapter extends DIAdapter<KiwiContainer> {
                         name: depName);
                     break;
                   case UniversalBindingMode.asyncStrategy:
-                    // Не поддерживается
+                    // Not supported
                     break;
                 }
               }
@@ -97,23 +96,12 @@ class KiwiAdapter extends DIAdapter<KiwiContainer> {
 
   @override
   T resolve<T extends Object>({String? named}) {
-    // Для asyncChain нужен resolve<Future<T>>
-    if (T.toString().startsWith('Future<')) {
     return _container.resolve<T>(named);
-    } else {
-      return _container.resolve<T>(named);
-    }
   }
 
   @override
-  Future<T> resolveAsync<T extends Object>({String? named}) async {
+  Future<T> resolveAsync<T extends Object>({String? named}) {
-    if (T.toString().startsWith('Future<')) {
-      // resolve<Future<T>>, unwrap result
     return Future.value(_container.resolve<T>(named));
-    } else {
-      // Для совместимости с chain/override
-      return Future.value(_container.resolve<T>(named));
-    }
   }
 
   @override
@@ -123,7 +111,7 @@ class KiwiAdapter extends DIAdapter<KiwiContainer> {
 
   @override
   KiwiAdapter openSubScope(String name) {
-    // Возвращаем новый scoped контейнер (отдельный). Наследование не реализовано.
+    // Returns a new scoped container. Inheritance not implemented.
     return KiwiAdapter(container: KiwiContainer.scoped(), isSubScope: true);
   }
 

benchmark_di/lib/di_adapters/yx_scope_adapter.dart

@@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ class YxScopeAdapter extends DIAdapter<UniversalYxScopeContainer> {
 
   @override
   void teardown() {
-    // У yx_scope нет явного dispose на ScopeContainer, но можно добавить очистку Map/Deps если потребуется
+    _scope = UniversalYxScopeContainer();
-    // Ничего не делаем
   }
 
   @override
@@ -54,26 +53,13 @@ class YxScopeAdapter extends DIAdapter<UniversalYxScopeContainer> {
     required UniversalBindingMode bindingMode,
   }) {
     if (scenario is UniversalScenario) {
+      if (scenario == UniversalScenario.asyncChain ||
+          bindingMode == UniversalBindingMode.asyncStrategy) {
+        throw UnsupportedError(
+            'YxScope does not support async dependencies or async binding scenarios.');
+      }
       return (scope) {
         switch (scenario) {
-          case UniversalScenario.asyncChain:
-            for (int chain = 1; chain <= chainCount; chain++) {
-              for (int level = 1; level <= nestingDepth; level++) {
-                final prevDepName = '${chain}_${level - 1}';
-                final depName = '${chain}_$level';
-                final dep = scope.dep<UniversalService>(
-                  () => UniversalServiceImpl(
-                    value: depName,
-                    dependency: level > 1
-                        ? scope.depFor<UniversalService>(name: prevDepName).get
-                        : null,
-                  ),
-                  name: depName,
-                );
-                scope.register<UniversalService>(dep, name: depName);
-              }
-            }
-            break;
           case UniversalScenario.register:
             final dep = scope.dep<UniversalService>(
               () => UniversalServiceImpl(value: 'reg', dependency: null),
@@ -113,6 +99,8 @@ class YxScopeAdapter extends DIAdapter<UniversalYxScopeContainer> {
           case UniversalScenario.override:
             // handled at benchmark level
             break;
+          default:
+            break;
         }
         if (scenario == UniversalScenario.chain ||
             scenario == UniversalScenario.override) {

benchmark_di/lib/scenarios/universal_binding_mode.dart

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 /// Enum to represent the DI registration/binding mode.
 enum UniversalBindingMode {
-  /// Singleton/provider binding.
+  /// Eager singleton — instance created at registration time.
   singletonStrategy,
 
-  /// Factory-based binding.
+  /// Lazy singleton — instance created on first resolve, then cached.
+  lazySingletonStrategy,
+
+  /// Factory-based binding — new instance every time.
   factoryStrategy,
 
   /// Async-based binding.

cherrypick/lib/src/binding.dart

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+import 'dart:async';
+
 import 'package:cherrypick/src/binding_resolver.dart';
 
 /// {@template binding_docs}
@@ -69,6 +71,8 @@ class Binding<T> {
 
   CherryPickObserver? observer;
 
+  bool get _isSilentObserver => observer is SilentCherryPickObserver;
+
   // Deferred logging flags
   bool _createdLogged = false;
   bool _namedLogged = false;
@@ -191,10 +195,9 @@ class Binding<T> {
   /// }
   /// ```
   /// This restriction only applies to [toInstance] bindings.
-  // ignore: deprecated_member_use_from_same_package
   /// With [toProvide]/[toProvideAsync] you may freely use `scope.resolve<T>()` in the builder or provider function.
-  Binding<T> toInstance(Instance<T> value) {
+  Binding<T> toInstance(FutureOr<T> value) {
-    _resolver = InstanceResolver<T>(value);
+    _resolver = InstanceResolver.create<T>(value);
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -205,8 +208,8 @@ class Binding<T> {
   /// bind<Api>().toProvide(() => ApiService());
   /// bind<Db>().toProvide(() async => await openDb());
   /// ```
-  Binding<T> toProvide(Provider<T> value) {
+  Binding<T> toProvide(FutureOr<T> Function() value) {
-    _resolver = ProviderResolver<T>((_) => value.call(), withParams: false);
+    _resolver = ProviderResolver.create<T>(value);
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -216,24 +219,32 @@ class Binding<T> {
   /// ```dart
   /// bind<User>().toProvideWithParams((params) => User(name: params["name"]));
   /// ```
-  Binding<T> toProvideWithParams(ProviderWithParams<T> value) {
+  Binding<T> toProvideWithParams(FutureOr<T> Function(dynamic) value) {
-    _resolver = ProviderResolver<T>(value, withParams: true);
+    _resolver = ProviderResolver.createWithParams<T>(value);
     return this;
   }
 
   @Deprecated('Use toInstance instead of toInstanceAsync')
-  Binding<T> toInstanceAsync(Instance<T> value) {
+  Binding<T> toInstanceAsync(FutureOr<T> value) {
     return toInstance(value);
   }
 
-  @Deprecated('Use toProvide instead of toProvideAsync')
+  /// Asynchronous variant of [toProvide] for providers that return [Future<T>].
-  Binding<T> toProvideAsync(Provider<T> value) {
+  ///
-    return toProvide(value);
+  /// Prefer this over [toProvide] when the provider is async, so the resolver
+  /// is type-safe and avoids runtime detection overhead.
+  Binding<T> toProvideAsync(AsyncProviderFactory<T> value) {
+    _resolver = ProviderResolver.async<T>(value);
+    return this;
   }
 
-  @Deprecated('Use toProvideWithParams instead of toProvideAsyncWithParams')
+  /// Asynchronous variant of [toProvideWithParams] for providers that return [Future<T>].
-  Binding<T> toProvideAsyncWithParams(ProviderWithParams<T> value) {
+  ///
-    return toProvideWithParams(value);
+  /// Prefer this over [toProvideWithParams] when the provider is async, so the resolver
+  /// is type-safe and avoids runtime detection overhead.
+  Binding<T> toProvideAsyncWithParams(AsyncProviderFactoryWithParams<T> value) {
+    _resolver = ProviderResolver.asyncWithParams<T>(value);
+    return this;
   }
 
   /// Marks this binding as singleton (will only create and cache one instance per scope).
@@ -281,6 +292,10 @@ class Binding<T> {
   /// ```
   T? resolveSync([dynamic params]) {
     final res = resolver?.resolveSync(params);
+    if (_isSilentObserver) {
+      return res;
+    }
+
     if (res != null) {
       observer?.onDiagnostic(
         'Binding resolved instance: ${T.toString()}',
@@ -313,6 +328,10 @@ class Binding<T> {
   /// ```
   Future<T>? resolveAsync([dynamic params]) {
     final future = resolver?.resolveAsync(params);
+    if (_isSilentObserver) {
+      return future;
+    }
+
     if (future != null) {
       future
           .then((res) => observer?.onDiagnostic(

cherrypick/lib/src/binding_resolver.dart

@@ -13,86 +13,37 @@
 
 import 'dart:async';
 
-/// Represents a direct instance or an async instance ([T] or [Future<T>]).
+/// Synchronous factory: `T Function()`.
-/// Used for both direct and async bindings.
+typedef ProviderFactory<T> = T Function();
-///
-/// Example:
-/// ```dart
-/// Instance<String> sync = "hello";
-/// Instance<MyApi> async = Future.value(MyApi());
-/// ```
-typedef Instance<T> = FutureOr<T>;
 
-/// Provider function type for synchronous or asynchronous, parameterless creation of [T].
+/// Parameterized synchronous factory: `T Function(dynamic)`.
-/// Can return [T] or [Future<T>].
+typedef ProviderFactoryWithParams<T> = T Function(dynamic);
-///
-/// Example:
-/// ```dart
-/// Provider<MyService> provider = () => MyService();
-/// Provider<Api> asyncProvider = () async => await Api.connect();
-/// ```
-typedef Provider<T> = FutureOr<T> Function();
 
-/// Provider function type that accepts a dynamic parameter, for factory/parametrized injection.
+/// Asynchronous factory: `Future<T> Function()`.
-/// Returns [T] or [Future<T>].
+typedef AsyncProviderFactory<T> = Future<T> Function();
-///
-/// Example:
-/// ```dart
-/// ProviderWithParams<User> provider = (params) => User(params["name"]);
-/// ```
-typedef ProviderWithParams<T> = FutureOr<T> Function(dynamic);
 
-/// Abstract interface for dependency resolvers used by [Binding].
+/// Parameterized asynchronous factory: `Future<T> Function(dynamic)`.
-/// Defines how to resolve instances of type [T].
+typedef AsyncProviderFactoryWithParams<T> = Future<T> Function(dynamic);
-///
+
-/// You usually don't use this directly; it's used internally for advanced/low-level DI.
+/// Internal interface for resolvers managed by [Binding].
 abstract class BindingResolver<T> {
-  /// Synchronously resolves the dependency, optionally taking parameters (for factory cases).
-  /// Throws if implementation does not support sync resolution.
   T? resolveSync([dynamic params]);
-
-  /// Asynchronously resolves the dependency, optionally taking parameters (for factory cases).
-  /// If instance is already a [Future], returns it directly.
   Future<T>? resolveAsync([dynamic params]);
-
-  /// Marks this resolver as singleton: instance(s) will be cached and reused inside the scope.
   void toSingleton();
-
-  /// Returns true if this resolver is marked as singleton.
   bool get isSingleton;
 }
 
-/// Concrete resolver for direct instance ([T] or [Future<T>]). No provider is called.
+/// Resolver for a pre-built synchronous instance.
-///
+class SyncInstanceResolver<T> implements BindingResolver<T> {
-/// Used for [Binding.toInstance].
+  final T _instance;
-/// Supports both sync and async resolution; sync will throw if underlying instance is [Future].
-/// Examples:
-/// ```dart
-/// var resolver = InstanceResolver("hello");
-/// resolver.resolveSync(); // == "hello"
-/// var asyncResolver = InstanceResolver(Future.value(7));
-/// asyncResolver.resolveAsync(); // Future<int>
-/// ```
-class InstanceResolver<T> implements BindingResolver<T> {
-  final Instance<T> _instance;
 
-  /// Wraps the given instance (sync or async) in a resolver.
+  SyncInstanceResolver(this._instance);
-  InstanceResolver(this._instance);
 
   @override
-  T resolveSync([_]) {
+  T resolveSync([_]) => _instance;
-    if (_instance is T) return _instance;
-    throw StateError(
-      'Instance $_instance is Future; '
-      'use resolveAsync() instead',
-    );
-  }
 
   @override
-  Future<T> resolveAsync([_]) {
+  Future<T> resolveAsync([_]) => Future<T>.value(_instance);
-    if (_instance is Future<T>) return _instance;
-    return Future.value(_instance);
-  }
 
   @override
   void toSingleton() {}
@@ -101,63 +52,31 @@ class InstanceResolver<T> implements BindingResolver<T> {
   bool get isSingleton => true;
 }
 
-/// Resolver for provider functions (sync/async/factory), with optional singleton caching.
+/// Resolver for a pre-built async instance ([Future]).
-/// Used for [Binding.toProvide], [Binding.toProvideWithParams], [Binding.singleton].
+class AsyncInstanceResolver<T> implements BindingResolver<T> {
-///
+  final Future<T> _instance;
-/// Examples:
-/// ```dart
-/// // No param, sync:
-/// var r = ProviderResolver((_) => 5, withParams: false);
-/// r.resolveSync(); // == 5
-/// // With param:
-/// var rp = ProviderResolver((p) => p * 2, withParams: true);
-/// rp.resolveSync(2); // == 4
-/// // Singleton:
-/// r.toSingleton();
-/// // Async:
-/// var ra = ProviderResolver((_) async => await Future.value(10), withParams: false);
-/// await ra.resolveAsync(); // == 10
-/// ```
-class ProviderResolver<T> implements BindingResolver<T> {
-  final ProviderWithParams<T> _provider;
-  final bool _withParams;
 
-  FutureOr<T>? _cache;
+  AsyncInstanceResolver(this._instance);
+
+  @override
+  T resolveSync([_]) {
+    throw StateError('Instance is a Future; use resolveAsync() instead');
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<T> resolveAsync([_]) => _instance;
+
+  @override
+  void toSingleton() {}
+
+  @override
+  bool get isSingleton => true;
+}
+
+/// Base class for provider-based resolvers with singleton flag support.
+abstract class _BaseProviderResolver<T> implements BindingResolver<T> {
   bool _singleton = false;
 
-  /// Creates a resolver from [provider], optionally accepting dynamic params.
-  ProviderResolver(
-    ProviderWithParams<T> provider, {
-    required bool withParams,
-  })  : _provider = provider,
-        _withParams = withParams;
-
-  @override
-  T resolveSync([dynamic params]) {
-    _checkParams(params);
-    final result = _cache ?? _provider(params);
-    if (result is T) {
-      if (_singleton) {
-        _cache ??= result;
-      }
-      return result;
-    }
-    throw StateError(
-      'Provider [$_provider] return Future<$T>. Use resolveAsync() instead.',
-    );
-  }
-
-  @override
-  Future<T> resolveAsync([dynamic params]) {
-    _checkParams(params);
-    final result = _cache ?? _provider(params);
-    final target = result is Future<T> ? result : Future<T>.value(result);
-    if (_singleton) {
-      _cache ??= target;
-    }
-    return target;
-  }
-
   @override
   void toSingleton() {
     _singleton = true;
@@ -165,13 +84,282 @@ class ProviderResolver<T> implements BindingResolver<T> {
 
   @override
   bool get isSingleton => _singleton;
+}
 
-  /// Throws if params required but not supplied.
+/// Resolves [Binding.toProvide] with a sync `T Function()` provider.
-  void _checkParams(dynamic params) {
+class SyncProviderResolver<T> extends _BaseProviderResolver<T> {
-    if (_withParams && params == null) {
+  final ProviderFactory<T> _provider;
+  Object? _cached;
+  bool _isCached = false;
+
+  SyncProviderResolver(this._provider);
+
+  @override
+  T resolveSync([_]) {
+    if (_singleton && _isCached) {
+      return _cached as T;
+    }
+    final result = _provider();
+    if (_singleton) {
+      _cached = result;
+      _isCached = true;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<T> resolveAsync([_]) => Future<T>.value(resolveSync());
+}
+
+/// Resolves [Binding.toProvideWithParams] with a sync `T Function(dynamic)` provider.
+class SyncProviderWithParamsResolver<T> extends _BaseProviderResolver<T> {
+  final ProviderFactoryWithParams<T> _provider;
+  Object? _cached;
+  bool _isCached = false;
+
+  SyncProviderWithParamsResolver(this._provider);
+
+  @override
+  T resolveSync([dynamic params]) {
+    if (_singleton && _isCached) {
+      return _cached as T;
+    }
+    if (params == null) {
+      throw StateError('[$T] Params is null. Maybe you forgot to pass it?');
+    }
+    final result = _provider(params);
+    if (_singleton) {
+      _cached = result;
+      _isCached = true;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<T> resolveAsync([dynamic params]) =>
+      Future<T>.value(resolveSync(params));
+}
+
+/// Resolves [Binding.toProvide] with an async `Future<T> Function()` provider.
+class AsyncProviderResolver<T> extends _BaseProviderResolver<T> {
+  final AsyncProviderFactory<T> _provider;
+  Future<T>? _cache;
+  bool _isCached = false;
+
+  AsyncProviderResolver(this._provider);
+
+  @override
+  T resolveSync([_]) {
     throw StateError(
-        '[$T] Params is null. Maybe you forgot to pass it?',
+      'Provider returns Future<$T>. Use resolveAsync() instead.',
     );
   }
+
+  @override
+  Future<T> resolveAsync([_]) {
+    if (_singleton && _isCached) {
+      return _cache!;
+    }
+    final result = _provider();
+    if (_singleton) {
+      _cache = result;
+      _isCached = true;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+/// Resolves [Binding.toProvideWithParams] with an async `Future<T> Function(dynamic)` provider.
+class AsyncProviderWithParamsResolver<T> extends _BaseProviderResolver<T> {
+  final AsyncProviderFactoryWithParams<T> _provider;
+  Future<T>? _cache;
+  bool _isCached = false;
+
+  AsyncProviderWithParamsResolver(this._provider);
+
+  @override
+  T resolveSync([_]) {
+    throw StateError(
+      'Provider returns Future<$T>. Use resolveAsync() instead.',
+    );
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<T> resolveAsync([dynamic params]) {
+    if (_singleton && _isCached) {
+      return _cache!;
+    }
+    if (params == null) {
+      throw StateError('[$T] Params is null. Maybe you forgot to pass it?');
+    }
+    final result = _provider(params);
+    if (_singleton) {
+      _cache = result;
+      _isCached = true;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+/// Fallback resolver for `FutureOr<T> Function()` providers whose static type
+/// is not known at compile time. Detects sync vs async at resolve time.
+class FutureOrProviderResolver<T> extends _BaseProviderResolver<T> {
+  final FutureOr<T> Function() _provider;
+  Object? _cached;
+  bool _isCached = false;
+
+  FutureOrProviderResolver(this._provider);
+
+  @override
+  T resolveSync([_]) {
+    if (_singleton && _isCached) {
+      final cached = _cached;
+      if (cached is Future<T>) {
+        throw StateError(
+          'Provider returns Future<$T>. Use resolveAsync() instead.',
+        );
+      }
+      return cached as T;
+    }
+    final result = _provider();
+    if (result is Future<T>) {
+      throw StateError(
+        'Provider returns Future<$T>. Use resolveAsync() instead.',
+      );
+    }
+    if (_singleton) {
+      _cached = result;
+      _isCached = true;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<T> resolveAsync([_]) {
+    if (_singleton && _isCached) {
+      final cached = _cached;
+      if (cached is Future<T>) return cached;
+      return Future<T>.value(cached as T);
+    }
+    final result = _provider();
+    if (_singleton) {
+      _cached = result;
+      _isCached = true;
+    }
+    if (result is Future<T>) return result;
+    return Future<T>.value(result);
+  }
+}
+
+/// Fallback resolver for `FutureOr<T> Function(dynamic)` providers with params
+/// whose static type is not known at compile time.
+class FutureOrProviderWithParamsResolver<T> extends _BaseProviderResolver<T> {
+  final FutureOr<T> Function(dynamic) _provider;
+  Object? _cached;
+  bool _isCached = false;
+
+  FutureOrProviderWithParamsResolver(this._provider);
+
+  @override
+  T resolveSync([dynamic params]) {
+    if (_singleton && _isCached) {
+      final cached = _cached;
+      if (cached is Future<T>) {
+        throw StateError(
+          'Provider returns Future<$T>. Use resolveAsync() instead.',
+        );
+      }
+      return cached as T;
+    }
+    if (params == null) {
+      throw StateError('[$T] Params is null. Maybe you forgot to pass it?');
+    }
+    final result = _provider(params);
+    if (result is Future<T>) {
+      throw StateError(
+        'Provider returns Future<$T>. Use resolveAsync() instead.',
+      );
+    }
+    if (_singleton) {
+      _cached = result;
+      _isCached = true;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<T> resolveAsync([dynamic params]) {
+    if (_singleton && _isCached) {
+      final cached = _cached;
+      if (cached is Future<T>) return cached;
+      return Future<T>.value(cached as T);
+    }
+    if (params == null) {
+      throw StateError('[$T] Params is null. Maybe you forgot to pass it?');
+    }
+    final result = _provider(params);
+    if (_singleton) {
+      _cached = result;
+      _isCached = true;
+    }
+    if (result is Future<T>) return result;
+    return Future<T>.value(result);
+  }
+}
+
+/// Factory for creating instance resolvers (sync or async).
+class InstanceResolver {
+  static BindingResolver<T> create<T>(FutureOr<T> instance) {
+    if (instance is Future<T>) {
+      return AsyncInstanceResolver<T>(instance);
+    }
+    return SyncInstanceResolver<T>(instance);
+  }
+}
+
+/// Factory for creating the correct provider resolver based on the
+/// provider's static return type, avoiding runtime checks in fast paths.
+class ProviderResolver {
+  static BindingResolver<T> create<T>(FutureOr<T> Function() provider) {
+    if (provider is T Function()) {
+      return SyncProviderResolver<T>(provider);
+    }
+    if (provider is Future<T> Function()) {
+      return AsyncProviderResolver<T>(provider);
+    }
+    return FutureOrProviderResolver<T>(provider);
+  }
+
+  static BindingResolver<T> createWithParams<T>(
+      FutureOr<T> Function(dynamic) provider) {
+    if (provider is T Function(dynamic)) {
+      return SyncProviderWithParamsResolver<T>(provider);
+    }
+    if (provider is Future<T> Function(dynamic)) {
+      return AsyncProviderWithParamsResolver<T>(provider);
+    }
+    return FutureOrProviderWithParamsResolver<T>(provider);
+  }
+
+  /// Explicit sync resolver without parameters.
+  static BindingResolver<T> sync<T>(ProviderFactory<T> provider) {
+    return SyncProviderResolver<T>(provider);
+  }
+
+  /// Explicit sync resolver with parameters.
+  static BindingResolver<T> syncWithParams<T>(
+      ProviderFactoryWithParams<T> provider) {
+    return SyncProviderWithParamsResolver<T>(provider);
+  }
+
+  /// Explicit async resolver without parameters.
+  static BindingResolver<T> async<T>(AsyncProviderFactory<T> provider) {
+    return AsyncProviderResolver<T>(provider);
+  }
+
+  /// Explicit async resolver with parameters.
+  static BindingResolver<T> asyncWithParams<T>(
+      AsyncProviderFactoryWithParams<T> provider) {
+    return AsyncProviderWithParamsResolver<T>(provider);
   }
 }

cherrypick/lib/src/scope.dart

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import 'package:cherrypick/src/global_cycle_detector.dart';
 import 'package:cherrypick/src/binding_resolver.dart';
 import 'package:cherrypick/src/module.dart';
 import 'package:cherrypick/src/observer.dart';
-// import 'package:cherrypick/src/log_format.dart';
 
 /// Represents a DI scope (container) for modules, subscopes,
 /// and dependency resolution (sync/async) in CherryPick.
@@ -60,6 +59,13 @@ class Scope with CycleDetectionMixin, GlobalCycleDetectionMixin {
   @override
   CherryPickObserver get observer => _observer;
 
+  bool get _isSilentObserver => _observer is SilentCherryPickObserver;
+
+  bool get _canUseDirectResolvePath =>
+      _isSilentObserver &&
+      !isCycleDetectionEnabled &&
+      !isGlobalCycleDetectionEnabled;
+
   /// COLLECTS all resolved instances that implement [Disposable].
   final Set<Disposable> _disposables = HashSet();
 
@@ -71,6 +77,7 @@ class Scope with CycleDetectionMixin, GlobalCycleDetectionMixin {
   Scope(this._parentScope, {required CherryPickObserver observer})
       : _observer = observer {
     setScopeId(_generateScopeId());
+    if (!_isSilentObserver) {
       observer.onScopeOpened(scopeId ?? 'NO_ID');
       observer.onDiagnostic(
         'Scope created: ${scopeId ?? 'NO_ID'}',
@@ -82,10 +89,11 @@ class Scope with CycleDetectionMixin, GlobalCycleDetectionMixin {
         },
       );
     }
+  }
 
   final Set<Module> _modulesList = HashSet();
 
-  // индекс для мгновенного поиска binding’ов
+  // index for fast binding lookup
   final Map<Object, Map<String?, BindingResolver>> _bindingResolvers = {};
 
   /// Generates a unique identifier string for this scope instance.
@@ -119,6 +127,7 @@ class Scope with CycleDetectionMixin, GlobalCycleDetectionMixin {
         childScope.enableGlobalCycleDetection();
       }
       _scopeMap[name] = childScope;
+      if (!_isSilentObserver) {
         observer.onDiagnostic(
           'SubScope created: $name',
           details: {
@@ -130,6 +139,7 @@ class Scope with CycleDetectionMixin, GlobalCycleDetectionMixin {
           },
         );
       }
+    }
     return _scopeMap[name]!;
   }
 
@@ -149,6 +159,7 @@ class Scope with CycleDetectionMixin, GlobalCycleDetectionMixin {
       if (childScope.scopeId != null) {
         GlobalCycleDetector.instance.removeScopeDetector(childScope.scopeId!);
       }
+      if (!_isSilentObserver) {
         observer.onScopeClosed(childScope.scopeId ?? name);
         observer.onDiagnostic(
           'SubScope closed: $name',
@@ -161,6 +172,7 @@ class Scope with CycleDetectionMixin, GlobalCycleDetectionMixin {
           },
         );
       }
+    }
     _scopeMap.remove(name);
   }
 
@@ -175,13 +187,14 @@ class Scope with CycleDetectionMixin, GlobalCycleDetectionMixin {
   /// ```
   Scope installModules(List<Module> modules) {
     _modulesList.addAll(modules);
-    if (modules.isNotEmpty) {
+    if (!_isSilentObserver && modules.isNotEmpty) {
       observer.onModulesInstalled(
         modules.map((m) => m.runtimeType.toString()).toList(),
         scopeName: scopeId,
       );
     }
     for (var module in modules) {
+      if (!_isSilentObserver) {
         observer.onDiagnostic(
           'Module installed: ${module.runtimeType}',
           details: {
@@ -191,14 +204,17 @@ class Scope with CycleDetectionMixin, GlobalCycleDetectionMixin {
             'description': 'module installed',
           },
         );
+      }
       module.builder(this);
       // Associate bindings with this scope's observer
       for (final binding in module.bindingSet) {
         binding.observer = observer;
+        if (!_isSilentObserver) {
           binding.logAllDeferred();
         }
       }
-    _rebuildResolversIndex();
+      _addModuleToIndex(module);
+    }
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -212,12 +228,13 @@ class Scope with CycleDetectionMixin, GlobalCycleDetectionMixin {
   /// testScope.dropModules();
   /// ```
   Scope dropModules() {
-    if (_modulesList.isNotEmpty) {
+    if (!_isSilentObserver && _modulesList.isNotEmpty) {
       observer.onModulesRemoved(
         _modulesList.map((m) => m.runtimeType.toString()).toList(),
         scopeName: scopeId,
       );
     }
+    if (!_isSilentObserver) {
       observer.onDiagnostic(
         'Modules dropped for scope: $scopeId',
         details: {
@@ -226,6 +243,7 @@ class Scope with CycleDetectionMixin, GlobalCycleDetectionMixin {
           'description': 'modules dropped',
         },
       );
+    }
     _modulesList.clear();
     _rebuildResolversIndex();
     return this;
@@ -242,6 +260,16 @@ class Scope with CycleDetectionMixin, GlobalCycleDetectionMixin {
   /// final special = scope.resolve<Service>(named: 'special');
   /// ```
   T resolve<T>({String? named, dynamic params}) {
+    if (_canUseDirectResolvePath) {
+      final result = _tryResolveInternal<T>(named: named, params: params);
+      if (result == null) {
+        throw StateError(
+            'Can\'t resolve dependency `$T`. Maybe you forget register it?');
+      }
+      if (result is Disposable) _disposables.add(result);
+      return result;
+    }
+
     observer.onInstanceRequested(T.toString(), T, scopeName: scopeId);
     T result;
     if (isGlobalCycleDetectionEnabled) {
@@ -315,6 +343,12 @@ class Scope with CycleDetectionMixin, GlobalCycleDetectionMixin {
   /// final maybeDb = scope.tryResolve<Database>();
   /// ```
   T? tryResolve<T>({String? named, dynamic params}) {
+    if (_canUseDirectResolvePath) {
+      final result = _tryResolveInternal<T>(named: named, params: params);
+      if (result != null && result is Disposable) _disposables.add(result);
+      return result;
+    }
+
     T? result;
     if (isGlobalCycleDetectionEnabled) {
       result = withGlobalCycleDetection<T?>(T, named, () {
@@ -358,6 +392,21 @@ class Scope with CycleDetectionMixin, GlobalCycleDetectionMixin {
   /// final special = await scope.resolveAsync<Service>(named: "special");
   /// ```
   Future<T> resolveAsync<T>({String? named, dynamic params}) async {
+    if (_canUseDirectResolvePath) {
+      final result =
+          await _tryResolveAsyncInternal<T>(named: named, params: params);
+      if (result == null) {
+        throw StateError(
+            "Can't resolve async dependency `$T`. Maybe you forget register it?");
+      }
+      if (result is Disposable) _disposables.add(result);
+      return result;
+    }
+    return _resolveAsyncWithObserverPath<T>(named: named, params: params);
+  }
+
+  Future<T> _resolveAsyncWithObserverPath<T>(
+      {String? named, dynamic params}) async {
     T result;
     if (isGlobalCycleDetectionEnabled) {
       result = await withGlobalCycleDetection<Future<T>>(T, named, () async {
@@ -413,6 +462,17 @@ class Scope with CycleDetectionMixin, GlobalCycleDetectionMixin {
   /// final user = await scope.tryResolveAsync<User>();
   /// ```
   Future<T?> tryResolveAsync<T>({String? named, dynamic params}) async {
+    if (_canUseDirectResolvePath) {
+      final result =
+          await _tryResolveAsyncInternal<T>(named: named, params: params);
+      if (result != null && result is Disposable) _disposables.add(result);
+      return result;
+    }
+    return _tryResolveAsyncWithObserverPath<T>(named: named, params: params);
+  }
+
+  Future<T?> _tryResolveAsyncWithObserverPath<T>(
+      {String? named, dynamic params}) async {
     T? result;
     if (isGlobalCycleDetectionEnabled) {
       result = await withGlobalCycleDetection<Future<T?>>(T, named, () async {
@@ -441,12 +501,12 @@ class Scope with CycleDetectionMixin, GlobalCycleDetectionMixin {
   }
 
   /// Direct async resolution for [T] without cycle check. Returns null if missing. Internal use only.
-  Future<T?> _tryResolveAsyncInternal<T>(
+  Future<T?> _tryResolveAsyncInternal<T>({String? named, dynamic params}) {
-      {String? named, dynamic params}) async {
     final resolver = _findBindingResolver<T>(named);
     // 1 - Try from own modules; 2 - Fallback to parent
     return resolver?.resolveAsync(params) ??
-        _parentScope?.tryResolveAsync(named: named, params: params);
+        _parentScope?.tryResolveAsync(named: named, params: params) ??
+        Future<T?>.value(null);
   }
 
   /// Looks up the [BindingResolver] for [T] and [named] within this scope.
@@ -454,23 +514,27 @@ class Scope with CycleDetectionMixin, GlobalCycleDetectionMixin {
   BindingResolver<T>? _findBindingResolver<T>(String? named) =>
       _bindingResolvers[T]?[named] as BindingResolver<T>?;
 
-  /// Rebuilds the internal index of all [BindingResolver]s from installed modules.
+  void _addModuleToIndex(Module module) {
-  /// Called after [installModules] and [dropModules]. Internal use only.
-  void _rebuildResolversIndex() {
-    _bindingResolvers.clear();
-    for (var module in _modulesList) {
     for (var binding in module.bindingSet) {
       _bindingResolvers.putIfAbsent(binding.key, () => {});
       final nameKey = binding.isNamed ? binding.name : null;
       _bindingResolvers[binding.key]![nameKey] = binding.resolver!;
     }
   }
+
+  /// Rebuilds the internal index of all [BindingResolver]s from installed modules.
+  /// Called after [dropModules]. Internal use only.
+  void _rebuildResolversIndex() {
+    _bindingResolvers.clear();
+    for (var module in _modulesList) {
+      _addModuleToIndex(module);
+    }
   }
 
   /// Tracks resolved [Disposable] instances, to ensure dispose is called automatically.
   /// Internal use only.
   void _trackDisposable(Object? obj) {
-    if (obj is Disposable && !_disposables.contains(obj)) {
+    if (obj is Disposable) {
       _disposables.add(obj);
     }
   }
@@ -487,14 +551,14 @@ class Scope with CycleDetectionMixin, GlobalCycleDetectionMixin {
   /// ```
   Future<void> dispose() async {
     // Create copies to avoid concurrent modification
-    final scopesCopy = Map<String, Scope>.from(_scopeMap);
+    final scopes = _scopeMap.values.toList();
-    for (final subScope in scopesCopy.values) {
+    for (final subScope in scopes) {
       await subScope.dispose();
     }
     _scopeMap.clear();
 
-    final disposablesCopy = Set<Disposable>.from(_disposables);
+    final disposables = _disposables.toList();
-    for (final d in disposablesCopy) {
+    for (final d in disposables) {
       await d.dispose();
     }
     _disposables.clear();

cherrypick/test/src/binding_test.dart

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import 'dart:async';
+
 import 'package:cherrypick/cherrypick.dart';
 import 'package:test/test.dart';
 
@@ -12,7 +14,8 @@ void main() {
 
       test('Sets mode to instance', () {
         final binding = Binding<int>().toInstance(5);
-        expect(binding.resolver, isA<InstanceResolver<int>>());
+        expect(binding.resolver, isA<BindingResolver<int>>());
+        expect(binding.resolver, isA<SyncInstanceResolver<int>>());
       });
 
       test('isSingleton is true', () {
@@ -34,7 +37,8 @@ void main() {
 
       test('Sets mode to instance', () {
         final binding = Binding<int>().withName('n').toInstance(5);
-        expect(binding.resolver, isA<InstanceResolver<int>>());
+        expect(binding.resolver, isA<BindingResolver<int>>());
+        expect(binding.resolver, isA<SyncInstanceResolver<int>>());
       });
 
       test('Sets key', () {
@@ -73,7 +77,8 @@ void main() {
 
     test('Sets mode to instance', () {
       final binding = Binding<int>().toInstance(Future.value(5));
-      expect(binding.resolver, isA<InstanceResolver<int>>());
+      expect(binding.resolver, isA<BindingResolver<int>>());
+      expect(binding.resolver, isA<AsyncInstanceResolver<int>>());
     });
 
     test('isSingleton is true after toInstanceAsync', () {
@@ -107,7 +112,8 @@ void main() {
 
       test('Sets mode to providerInstance', () {
         final binding = Binding<int>().toProvide(() => 5);
-        expect(binding.resolver, isA<ProviderResolver<int>>());
+        expect(binding.resolver, isA<BindingResolver<int>>());
+        expect(binding.resolveSync(), 5);
       });
 
       test('isSingleton is false by default', () {
@@ -129,7 +135,8 @@ void main() {
 
       test('Sets mode to providerInstance', () {
         final binding = Binding<int>().withName('n').toProvide(() => 5);
-        expect(binding.resolver, isA<ProviderResolver<int>>());
+        expect(binding.resolver, isA<BindingResolver<int>>());
+        expect(binding.resolveSync(), 5);
       });
 
       test('Sets key', () {
@@ -166,6 +173,43 @@ void main() {
           .toProvideWithParams((param) async => 5 + (param as int));
       expect(await binding.resolveAsync(3), 8);
     });
+
+    test('Resolves toProvideAsync value', () async {
+      final binding = Binding<int>().toProvideAsync(() async => 5);
+      expect(await binding.resolveAsync(), 5);
+    });
+
+    test('toProvideAsync singleton caches instance', () async {
+      int counter = 0;
+      final binding = Binding<int>().toProvideAsync(() async {
+        counter++;
+        return counter;
+      }).singleton();
+
+      final first = await binding.resolveAsync();
+      final second = await binding.resolveAsync();
+      expect(first, equals(second));
+      expect(counter, 1);
+    });
+
+    test('Resolves toProvideAsyncWithParams value', () async {
+      final binding = Binding<int>()
+          .toProvideAsyncWithParams((param) async => 5 + (param as int));
+      expect(await binding.resolveAsync(3), 8);
+    });
+
+    test('toProvideAsyncWithParams singleton caches instance', () async {
+      int counter = 0;
+      final binding = Binding<int>().toProvideAsyncWithParams((param) async {
+        counter++;
+        return counter + (param as int);
+      }).singleton();
+
+      final first = await binding.resolveAsync(10);
+      final second = await binding.resolveAsync(20);
+      expect(first, equals(second));
+      expect(counter, 1);
+    });
   });
 
   // --- Singleton provider binding ---
@@ -232,6 +276,103 @@ void main() {
     });
   });
 
+  // --- FutureOr provider resolver (lazy detection, no eager side-effects) ---
+  group('FutureOr Provider Resolver', () {
+    test('Does not call provider at binding creation', () {
+      int calls = 0;
+      FutureOr<int> provider() {
+        calls++;
+        return 42;
+      }
+
+      final binding = Binding<int>().toProvide(provider);
+      expect(calls, 0);
+      expect(binding.resolveSync(), 42);
+      expect(calls, 1);
+    });
+
+    test('Sync FutureOr provider resolves via resolveSync', () {
+      final binding = Binding<int>().toProvide(() => 7);
+      expect(binding.resolveSync(), 7);
+    });
+
+    test('Async FutureOr provider throws on resolveSync', () {
+      final binding =
+          Binding<int>().toProvide(() async => 7);
+      expect(() => binding.resolveSync(), throwsStateError);
+    });
+
+    test('Async FutureOr provider resolves via resolveAsync', () async {
+      final binding =
+          Binding<int>().toProvide(() async => 7);
+      expect(await binding.resolveAsync(), 7);
+    });
+
+    test('FutureOr provider with params does not call provider at creation',
+        () {
+      int calls = 0;
+      FutureOr<int> provider(dynamic p) {
+        calls++;
+        return (p as int) + 1;
+      }
+
+      final binding = Binding<int>().toProvideWithParams(provider);
+      expect(calls, 0);
+      expect(binding.resolveSync(5), 6);
+      expect(calls, 1);
+    });
+
+    test('Async FutureOr provider with params throws on resolveSync', () {
+      final binding = Binding<int>()
+          .toProvideWithParams((p) async => (p as int) + 1);
+      expect(() => binding.resolveSync(5), throwsStateError);
+    });
+
+    test('Async FutureOr provider with params resolves via resolveAsync',
+        () async {
+      final binding = Binding<int>()
+          .toProvideWithParams((p) async => (p as int) + 1);
+      expect(await binding.resolveAsync(5), 6);
+    });
+
+    test('FutureOr singleton caches sync result', () {
+      int calls = 0;
+      final binding = Binding<int>().toProvide(() {
+        calls++;
+        return 99;
+      }).singleton();
+
+      expect(binding.resolveSync(), 99);
+      expect(binding.resolveSync(), 99);
+      expect(calls, 1);
+    });
+
+    test('FutureOr singleton caches async result', () async {
+      int calls = 0;
+      final binding = Binding<int>().toProvide(() async {
+        calls++;
+        return 99;
+      }).singleton();
+
+      expect(await binding.resolveAsync(), 99);
+      expect(await binding.resolveAsync(), 99);
+      expect(calls, 1);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // --- InstanceResolver factory ---
+  group('InstanceResolver.create', () {
+    test('Returns SyncInstanceResolver for sync value', () {
+      final binding = Binding<int>().toInstance(5);
+      expect(binding.resolver, isA<SyncInstanceResolver<int>>());
+    });
+
+    test('Returns AsyncInstanceResolver for Future value', () {
+      final binding = Binding<int>().toInstance(Future.value(5));
+      expect(binding.resolver, isA<AsyncInstanceResolver<int>>());
+    });
+  });
+
   // --- WithName / Named binding, isNamed, edge-cases ---
   group('Named binding & helpers', () {
     test('withName sets isNamed true and stores name', () {

cherrypick/test/src/scope_fast_path_test.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+import 'package:cherrypick/cherrypick.dart';
+import 'package:test/test.dart';
+
+class _IntModule extends Module {
+  final int value;
+  final void Function()? onBuild;
+
+  _IntModule(this.value, {this.onBuild});
+
+  @override
+  void builder(Scope currentScope) {
+    onBuild?.call();
+    bind<int>().toInstance(value);
+  }
+}
+
+class _StringModule extends Module {
+  final String value;
+
+  _StringModule(this.value);
+
+  @override
+  void builder(Scope currentScope) {
+    bind<String>().toInstance(value);
+  }
+}
+
+class _NamedIntModule extends Module {
+  final String name;
+  final int value;
+
+  _NamedIntModule(this.name, this.value);
+
+  @override
+  void builder(Scope currentScope) {
+    bind<int>().withName(name).toInstance(value);
+  }
+}
+
+class _DisposableModule extends Module {
+  @override
+  void builder(Scope currentScope) {
+    bind<_DisposableService>().toProvide(() => _DisposableService());
+  }
+}
+
+class _DisposableService implements Disposable {
+  bool disposed = false;
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> dispose() async {
+    disposed = true;
+  }
+}
+
+void main() {
+  tearDown(() => CherryPick.closeRootScope());
+
+  group('SilentCherryPickObserver fast-path', () {
+    late Scope scope;
+
+    setUp(() {
+      // Must NOT have cycle detection — otherwise _canUseDirectResolvePath is false
+      // and the fast-path branch is never taken.
+      CherryPick.disableGlobalCycleDetection();
+      scope = CherryPick.openRootScope();
+    });
+
+    test('resolve with default silent observer uses fast-path', () {
+      scope.installModules([_IntModule(42)]);
+      expect(scope.resolve<int>(), 42);
+    });
+
+    test('resolveAsync with default silent observer uses fast-path', () async {
+      scope.installModules([_IntModule(42)]);
+      final result = await scope.resolveAsync<int>();
+      expect(result, 42);
+    });
+
+    test('tryResolve with default silent observer uses fast-path', () {
+      scope.installModules([_IntModule(42)]);
+      expect(scope.tryResolve<int>(), 42);
+    });
+
+    test('tryResolveAsync with default silent observer uses fast-path',
+        () async {
+      scope.installModules([_IntModule(42)]);
+      final result = await scope.tryResolveAsync<int>();
+      expect(result, 42);
+    });
+
+    test('fast-path missing dependency throws', () {
+      expect(() => scope.resolve<int>(), throwsStateError);
+    });
+
+    test('fast-path missing async dependency throws', () {
+      expect(scope.resolveAsync<int>(), throwsA(isA<StateError>()));
+    });
+
+    test('installModules with silent observer skips diagnostics', () {
+      var buildCalls = 0;
+      scope.installModules([_IntModule(42, onBuild: () => buildCalls++)]);
+      expect(buildCalls, 1);
+      expect(scope.resolve<int>(), 42);
+    });
+
+    test('Disposable is tracked even in silent observer fast-path', () async {
+      scope.installModules([_DisposableModule()]);
+
+      final service = scope.resolve<_DisposableService>();
+      expect(service.disposed, false);
+      await scope.dispose();
+      expect(service.disposed, true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  group('Incremental module index', () {
+    test('Multiple installModules calls accumulate bindings', () {
+      final scope = CherryPick.openSafeRootScope();
+      scope.installModules([_IntModule(1)]);
+      scope.installModules([_StringModule('two')]);
+
+      expect(scope.resolve<int>(), 1);
+      expect(scope.resolve<String>(), 'two');
+    });
+
+    test('dropModules clears all bindings', () {
+      final scope = CherryPick.openSafeRootScope();
+      scope.installModules([_IntModule(1)]);
+      scope.dropModules();
+
+      expect(() => scope.resolve<int>(), throwsStateError);
+    });
+
+    test('Re-installing modules after dropModules works', () {
+      final scope = CherryPick.openSafeRootScope();
+      scope.installModules([_IntModule(1)]);
+      scope.dropModules();
+      scope.installModules([_IntModule(2)]);
+
+      expect(scope.resolve<int>(), 2);
+    });
+
+    test('Named bindings are indexed incrementally', () {
+      final scope = CherryPick.openSafeRootScope();
+      scope.installModules([_NamedIntModule('a', 1)]);
+      scope.installModules([_NamedIntModule('b', 2)]);
+
+      expect(scope.resolve<int>(named: 'a'), 1);
+      expect(scope.resolve<int>(named: 'b'), 2);
+    });
+  });
+}

openspec/changes/cherrypick-system-spec/specs/annotations-and-codegen/spec.md

@@ -64,10 +64,14 @@
 - **WHEN** метод помечен одновременно `@instance` и `@provide`
 - **THEN** генератор завершает сборку с ошибкой валидации
 
-#### Scenario: Требования к @named
+#### Scenario: Требования к @named на provider-методе
-- **WHEN** `@named` использует пустую строку или некорректный идентификатор
+- **WHEN** `@named` на provider-методе использует пустую строку или некорректный идентификатор
 - **THEN** генератор завершает сборку с ошибкой валидации
 
+#### Scenario: Пустой @named на inject-поле
+- **WHEN** `@named('')` указан на поле с `@inject`
+- **THEN** генератор трактует поле как безымянный резолв (без параметра `named`)
+
 #### Scenario: Валидность @module
 - **WHEN** класс с `@module` не имеет публичных методов
 - **THEN** генератор завершает сборку с ошибкой валидации

openspec/changes/cherrypick-system-spec/specs/di-runtime/spec.md

@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@
 - **THEN** subscope удаляется из дерева, а связанные ресурсы освобождаются
 
 #### Scenario: Путь scope и разделитель
-- **WHEN** scope открывается по иерархическому пути с разделителем
+- **WHEN** вызывается `CherryPick.openScope(scopeName: ..., separator: ...)` с иерархическим путем
 - **THEN** создается цепочка subscopes по каждому сегменту пути
 
 #### Scenario: Пустой scopeName
-- **WHEN** scope открывается с пустым именем
+- **WHEN** вызывается `CherryPick.openScope(scopeName: '')`
 - **THEN** возвращается root scope
 
 ### Requirement: Установка и удаление модулей
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@
 ### Requirement: Ошибки несоответствия sync/async
 Резолв MUST выбрасывать ошибки при несоответствии sync/async режима.
 
-#### Scenario: ResolveSync для async‑инстанса
+#### Scenario: Синхронный резолв для async‑binding
-- **WHEN** binding зарегистрирован как async‑инстанс или async‑provider, а вызывается `resolveSync`
+- **WHEN** binding зарегистрирован как async‑инстанс или async‑provider, а вызывается `resolve<T>()` или `tryResolve<T>()`
 - **THEN** выбрасывается ошибка с указанием использовать async‑резолв
 
 ### Requirement: Управление Disposable
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
 - **THEN** observer получает соответствующие уведомления
 
 ### Requirement: Ошибки и сообщения об ошибках
-При критических сбоях резолва ядро MUST выбрасывать ошибку с понятным сообщением, а для tryResolve MUST не бросать исключения.
+При критических сбоях резолва ядро MUST выбрасывать ошибку с понятным сообщением. Для отсутствующей зависимости `tryResolve`/`tryResolveAsync` MUST возвращать `null` без исключения; ошибки выполнения резолва (например, цикл, sync/async mismatch, отсутствие обязательных params) MAY быть проброшены.
 
 #### Scenario: Ошибка отсутствующей зависимости
 - **WHEN** вызывается `resolve<T>()` для незарегистрированной зависимости

openspec/changes/cherrypick-system-spec/specs/flutter-integration/spec.md

@@ -41,14 +41,14 @@ Flutter‑интеграция MUST предоставлять `CherryPickProvid
 
 #### Scenario: Ошибка lookup
 - **WHEN** вызов происходит вне поддерева провайдера
-- **THEN** происходит assertion‑ошибка
+- **THEN** в debug‑режиме происходит assertion‑ошибка
 
 ### Requirement: Ошибки и сообщения
 При отсутствии провайдера в дереве MUST быть диагностируемая ошибка.
 
 #### Scenario: Диагностика отсутствия провайдера
 - **WHEN** `CherryPickProvider.of(context)` не находит провайдер
-- **THEN** сообщение об ошибке указывает на отсутствие провайдера
+- **THEN** в debug‑режиме сообщение assertion указывает на отсутствие провайдера
 
 ### Requirement: Точки расширения
 Flutter‑интеграция MUST позволять использовать собственные DI‑scope стратегии поверх `CherryPickProvider`.